The Interior Castle or The Mansions
of S. Teresa of Jesus
of the Order of our Lady of Carmel
THE SECOND MANSIONS
Chapter 1
( Only Chapter )
▪ Treats
- Of The Great Importance
Of Perseverance
In Order To Enter The Last Mansions,
And
- Of The Fierce War
The Devil Wages Against Us.
▪ How Essential It Is
To Take The Right Path
From The Very Commencement
Of Our Journey.
▪ A Method Of Action
Which Has Proved Very Efficacious.
|
Chapter Contents
1. Souls in the second mansions.
2. Their state.
3. Their sufferings.
4. They cannot get rid
of their imperfections.
5. How God calls these souls.
6. Perseverance is essential.
7. Temptations of the devil.
8. Delusion of earthly joys.
9. God alone to be loved.
10. Reasons for continuing the journey.
11. War fare of the devil.
12. Importance of choice of friends.
13. Valour required.
14. Presumption of expecting
spiritual consolations at first.
15. In the Cross is strength.
16. Our falls should raise us higher.
17. Confidence and perseverance.
18. Recollection.
19. Why we must practise prayer.
20. Meditation kindles love.
|
THE SECOND MANSIONS
Chapter 1
1. Souls in the second mansions.
1.
Now let us consider
- which are the souls
that enter the second mansions,
and
- what they do there:
I do not wish to enlarge
on this subject,
having already treated it
very fully elsewhere, [64]
for I could not avoid repeating myself,
as my memory is very bad.
If I could state my ideas
in another form
they would not weary you,
for we never tire of reading books
on this subject, numerous as they are.
2. Their state.
2.
In this part of the castle are found
souls which have begun
to practise prayer;
they realize the importance
of their not remaining
in the first mansions,
yet often lack determination
to quit their present condition
by avoiding occasions of sin,
which is a very perilous state to be in.
3. Their sufferings.
3.
However, it is a great grace
that they
- should sometimes make good
their escape from the vipers
and poisonous creatures around them
and
- should understand the need
of avoiding them.
In some way these souls suffer
a great deal more
than those in the first mansions,
although not in such danger,
- as they begin to understand their peril
and
- there are great hopes
of their entering farther into the castle.
I say that they suffer a great deal more,
for those in an earlier stage
are like deaf-mutes
and
are not so distressed
at being unable to speak,
while the others,
who can hear but cannot talk,
find it much harder.
At the same time,
it is
- better not to be deaf, and
- a decided advantage to hear
what is said to us.
4. They cannot get rid
of their imperfections.
4.
These souls hear our Lord calling them,
for as they approach nearer
to where His Majesty dwells
He proves a loving Neighbour,
though they may still be engaged
in the amusements and business,
the pleasures and vanities of this world.
While in this state
we continually fall into sin and rise again,
for the creatures
for the creatures
amongst whom we dwell
are so venomous,
so vicious, and
so dangerous,
that it is almost impossible
to avoid being tripped up by them.
Yet such are the pity and compassion
of this Lord of ours,
so desirous is He
that we should seek Him
and enjoy His company,
that in one way or another
He never ceases calling us to Him.
So sweet is His voice,
that the poor soul is disconsolate
at being unable
to follow His bidding at once,
and therefore, as I said,
suffers more
than if it could not hear Him.
5. How God calls these souls.
5.
I do not mean
that divine communications and inspirations
received in this mansion
are the same
as those I shall describe later on;
God here speaks to souls
- through words uttered by pious people,
- by sermons or good books,
and
- in many other such ways.
- in many other such ways.
Sometimes He calls souls
- by means of sickness or troubles,
or
- by some truth He teaches them
during prayer,
for tepid as they may be
in seeking Him,
yet God holds them very dear.
6. Perseverance is essential.
6.
Do not think lightly, sisters,
of this first grace,
nor be downcast
if you have not responded immediately
to Our Lord's voice,
for His Majesty is willing
to wait for us
many a day and
even many a year,
especially when He sees perseverance
and good desires in our hearts.
Perseverance is the first essential;
With this we are sure to profit greatly.
However,
the devils now fiercely assault the soul
in a thousand different ways:
it suffers more than ever,
because formerly it was mute and deaf,
or at least could hear very little,
and offered but feeble resistance,
like one who has almost
lost all hope of victory.
7. Temptations of the devil.
7.
Here, however,
the Understanding
being more vigilant
being more vigilant
and
the powers
more on the alert,
more on the alert,
we cannot avoid hearing the fighting
and cannonading around us.
For now the devils set on us
the reptiles,
the reptiles,
that is to say,
thoughts about the world and its joys
which they picture as unending;
they remind us
of the high esteem
men held us in,
of our friends and relations;
they tell us
how the penances
which souls in this mansion
always begin to wish to perform
would injure our health:
in fine, the evil spirits place
a thousand impediments in the way.
8. Delusion of earthly joys.
8.
O Jesus!
What turmoil the devils cause
in the poor soul!
How unhappy it feels,
not knowing whether
to go forward
to go forward
or
to return to the first mansion!
to return to the first mansion!
On the other hand,
Reason shows it the delusion
of overrating worldly things,
while faith teaches
what alone can satisfy its cravings.
Memory reminds the soul
how all earthly joys end,
recalling the death of those
who lived at ease;
how some died suddenly
and were soon forgotten,
how others, once so prosperous,
are now buried beneath the ground
and men pass by the graves
where they lie, the prey of worms, [65]
while the mind recalls
many other such incidents.
9. God alone to be loved.
9.
The Will
- inclines to love Our Lord
and
- longs to make some return to Him
Who is so amiable,
and
Who has given so many proofs
of His love,
especially by His constant presence
with the soul,
which this faithful Lover never quits,
ever accompanying it
and
giving it life and being.
The Understanding aids by showing
▪ that however many years
life might last,
no one could ever wish for a better friend
than God;
▪ that the world is full of falsehood,
and
▪ that the worldly pleasures
pictured by the devil to the mind
were but troubles and cares
and annoyances in disguise.
10. Reasons for continuing the journey.
10.
Reason convinces the soul
that, as outside its interior castle
are found neither peace nor security,
it should cease to seek
another home abroad,
its own being full of riches
that it can enjoy at will.
Besides,
it is not every one
who, like itself, possesses
- all he needs
- all he needs
within his own dwelling,
and above all,
and above all,
- such a Host,
Who will give it
all it can desire,
Who will give it
all it can desire,
unless, like the prodigal son,
it chooses to go astray
and feed with the swine. [66]
Surely these arguments are strong enough
to defeat the devil's wiles!
But, O my God,
how the force of worldly habits
and the example of others
who practise them
ruin everything!
Our faith is so dead
that we trust
less to its teaching
than to what is visible,
though, indeed, we see
that worldly lives bring nothing
but unhappiness.
All this results
from those venomous thoughts I described,
which, unless we are very careful,
will deform the soul
as the sting of a viper poisons
and swells the body.
11. War fare of the devil.
11.
When this happens,
great care is evidently needed to cure it,
and
only God's signal mercy
prevents its resulting in death.
Indeed,
the soul passes through severe trials
at this time,
especially when the devil perceives
from a person's character and behaviour
that she is likely
to make very great progress,
for then all hell will league together
to force her to turn back.
O my Lord!
what need there is here
that, by Thy mercy,
Thou shouldst prevent the soul
from being deluded
into forsaking the good begun!
Enlighten it to see
that its welfare consists
in perseverance in the right way,
and
in the withdrawing from bad company.
12. Importance of choice of friends.
12.
It is of the utmost importance
for the beginner
to associate with those
who lead a spiritual life, [67]
and not only with those
in the same mansion as herself,
but with others
- who have travelled farther
into the castle,
- who will
aid her greatly
and
draw her to join them.
The soul should firmly resolve
never to submit to defeat,
for if the devil sees it staunchly determined
to lose life and comfort and all
that he can offer,
rather than return to the first mansion,
he will the sooner leave it alone.
13. Valour required.
13.
Let the Christian be valiant;
let him not be like those
who lay down to drink from the brook
when they went to battle
(I do not remember when). [68]
Let him
- resolve to go forth
to combat with the host of demons,
and
- be convinced that there is
no better weapon than the cross.
I have already said, [69]
yet it is of such importance
that I repeat it here:
let no one think on starting
of the reward to be reaped:
this would be a very ignoble way
of commencing
such a large and stately building.
If built on sand,
it would soon fall down. [70]
Souls who acted thus
would continually suffer
from discouragement and temptations,
for in these mansions no manna rains;
[71]
farther on,
the soul is pleased with all that comes,
because it desires nothing
but what God wills.
14. Presumption of expecting
spiritual consolations at first.
14.
What a farce it is!
Here are we,
with a thousand obstacles,
drawbacks, and imperfections
within ourselves,
our virtues so newly born
that they have scarcely the strength to act
(and God grant that they exist at all!)
yet we are not ashamed
to expect sweetness in prayer
and
to complain of feeling dryness. [72]
15. In the Cross is strength.
15.
Do not act thus, sisters;
Embrace the cross your Spouse bore
on His shoulders;
Know that your motto should be:
'Most happy she who suffers most
if it be for Christ!' [73]
All else should be looked upon
as secondary:
if our Lord give it you,
render Him grateful thanks.
You may imagine
(that) you would be resolute
in enduring external trials
if God gave you interior consolations:
His Majesty knows best
what is good for us;
It is not for us
to advise Him
how to treat us,
for He has the right to tell us
that we know not what we ask. [74]
Remember,
it is of the greatest importance
--the sole aim
of one beginning to practise prayer
should be
- to endure trials,
and
- to resolve and strive to the utmost
of her power
to conform her own will
to the will of God. [75]
Be certain that in this
consists all the greatest perfection
to be attained in the spiritual life,
as I will explain later.
She who practises this most perfectly
- will receive from God
the highest reward
and
- is the farthest advanced on the right road.
Do not imagine
that we have need
of a cabalistic formula
or any other occult
or mysterious thing
to attain it
our whole welfare consists
in doing the will of God.
If we start with the false principle
of wishing God
to follow our will and
to lead us in the way we think best,
upon what firm foundation
can this spiritual edifice rest?
16. Our falls should raise us higher.
16.
Let us endeavour to do our best:
beware of the poisonous reptiles
--that is to say,
the bad thoughts and aridities
which are often permitted by God
to assail and torment us
so that we cannot repel them.
Indeed, perchance we feel their sting!
He allows this to teach us
to be more on our guard in the future
and
to see whether we grieve much
at offending Him.
Therefore
if you occasionally lapse into sin,
do not
lose heart and
cease trying to advance,
for God will draw good
even out of our falls,
like the merchant who sells theriac,
who first takes poison,
then the theriac,
to prove the power of his elixir. [76]
This combat
- would suffice to teach us
to amend our habits
if we realized our failings
in no other way,
and
- would show us the injury
we receive from a life of dissipation.
Can any evil be greater
than that we find at home?
What peace can we hope to find elsewhere,
if we have none within us?
What friends or kindred can be
so close and intimate
as the powers of our soul,
which, whether we will or no,
must ever bear us company?
These seem to wage war on us
as if they knew the harm
our vices had wrought them.
'Peace, peace be unto you,'
my sisters,
as our Lord said,
and many a time
proclaimed to His Apostles. [77]
Believe me,
if we neither possess nor strive
to obtain this peace at home,
we shall never find it abroad.
17. Confidence and perseverance.
17.
By the blood
which our Lord shed for us,
I implore those
who have not yet begun
to enter into themselves,
to stop this warfare:
I beg those
already started in the right path,
not to let the combat turn them
back from it.
Let them
- reflect that a relapse
is worse than a fall,
and
- see what ruin it would bring.
They should confide in God's mercy,
trusting nothing in themselves;
Then they will see
how His Majesty
- will lead them
from one mansion to another,
and
- will set them in a place
where these wild beasts can
no more touch or annoy them,
but will be entirely at their mercy
and merely objects of ridicule.
Then, even in this life,
they will enjoy a far greater happiness
than they are able even to desire.
18. Recollection.
18.
As I said at the beginning of this work,
I have explained elsewhere [78]
how you should behave
when the devil thus disturbs you.
I also told you
that the habit of recollection
is not to be gained
by force of arms,
but with calmness,
which will enable you to practise it
for a longer space of time. [79]
I will say no more now,
except that
I think it very helpful
for those of you
who are beginners to consult
persons experienced in such matters,
lest you imagine
that you are injuring yourselves
by leaving your prayer
to perform any necessary duties.
This is not the case;
Our Lord will direct such things
to our profit,
although we may have no one
to counsel us. [80]
The only remedy for having given up
a habit of recollection
is to recommence it,
otherwise the soul will continue to lose it
more and more every day,
and
God grant it may realize its danger.
19. Why we must practise prayer.
19.
You may think,
that if it is so very injurious to desist,
it would have been better
never to have begun,
and
to have remained outside the castle.
But, as I began by saying,
and as God Himself declares:
'He that loves danger shall perish by it,' [81]
and the door
by which we must enter this castle
is prayer.
Remember,
we must get to heaven,
and
it would be madness to think
we could do so
without sometimes
retiring into our souls
retiring into our souls
so as to
- know ourselves,
- know ourselves,
or
- thinking
- thinking
of our failings
and
of what we owe to God,
or
- frequently imploring His mercy.
- frequently imploring His mercy.
Our Lord also says,
'No man cometh to the Father
but by Me' [82]
(I am not sure
whether this quotation is correct,
but I think so),
and,
'He that seeth Me,
seeth the Father also.' [83]
seeth the Father also.' [83]
20. Meditation kindles love.
20.
If we never
look up at Him
and
reflect on what we owe Him
for having died for us,
I do not understand
how we can
- know Him,
or
- perform good deeds in His service.
What value is there in faith without works?
and
what are they worth
if they are not united to the merits
of Jesus Christ, our only good?
What would incite us to love our Lord
unless we thought of Him?
May He give us grace to understand
how much we cost Him;
that the servant is not above his lord' [84] ;
that we must toil for Him
if we would enjoy His glory;
and
prayer is a necessity
prayer is a necessity
to prevent us from constantly falling
into temptation. [85]
______________________
Foot Notes:
[64]
Life, ch. xi-xiii. [ch 9 - 13]
Way of Perf. ch. xx.-xxix. [ch 20-29]
_______________________
[65]
'How many, thinking to live long,
have been deceived and unexpectedly
have been snatched away!
How often hast thou heard
that such a one was slain by the sword;
another drowned;
another, falling from on high,
broke his neck;
this man died at the table;
that other came to his death
while he was at play. . . .
Thus death is the end of all;
and man's life passeth suddenly
like a shadow'
(Imitation, bk. 1. ch. xxiii. 7).
The edition of the Imitation
known to St. Teresa
under the title of "Contemptus Mundi"
was translated by Luis de Granada,
printed at Seville in 1536,
at Lisbon in 1542, and
at Alcala in 1548.
See Life, ch. xxxix. 21, note.
_______________________
[66]
St. Luke xv. 16:
Et cupiebat implere ventrem suum
de siliquis quas porci manducabant.'
_______________________
[67]
Life, ch. vii. 33-37;
xvi. 1 2;
xxx. 6.
Way of Perfection, ch. vi. 1;
vii. 4.
_______________________
[68]
With Gideon.
Jud. vii. 5:
'Qui lingua lambuerint aquas,
sicut solent canes lambere,
separabis eos seorsum.'
Blog Note;
This footnote refers to Judges 7:5
"...who shall lap the water
with their tongues,
as dogs are wont to lap,
thou shalt set apart by themselves"
St. Teresa stated ( paragraph #13 )
"Let the Christian be valiant;
let him not be like those
who lay down to drink from the brook
when they went to battle"
She has been talking about
Humility - to rely on God, not oneself
and
"Perseverance in the right way"
because "the soul passes
through severe trials"
and the devil will try
"to force her to turn back".
Judges 7:2
And the Lord said to Gedeon:
The people that are with thee are many,
and Madian shall not be delivered
into their hands:
lest Israel should glory against me,
and say:
I was delivered by my own strength.
Judges 7:3
Whosoever is fearful and timorous,
let him return.
but they that shall drink bowing down
their knees...
By... (these) men , I will save you,
and deliver Madian into thy hand"
_______________________
[69]
Life, ch. xi 16.
. . . . . . .
Blog Addition:
"He must...consider it
as the greatest favour
to labour in the garden of so great an Emperor...
His purpose must not be
to please himself,
but (to please God)... Let him help Him to carry the Cross, and Let him think how He carried it
all His life long;
Let him not seek his kingdom here, nor ever intermit his prayer...
Let him resolve,
if this aridity should last
even his whole life long,
never to let Christ fall down
beneath the Cross.
[Life, ch. xi 16.
Translated by D. Lewis ]
_______________________
[70]
St. Matt. vii. 26, 27:
Qui edificavit domum suam
super arenam . .
. et fuit ruina illius magna.'
_______________________
[71]
Ps. lxxvii. 24:
Pluit illis manna ad manducandum.'
Way of Perf. ch. x. 4.
. . . . . . .
Blog addition:
"humility and mortification...
It is to possess these virtues...
that you must labour...
for, when you have obtained them,
you will also obtain the manna;
all things will taste well to you;
and,
however much
the world may dislike their savour,
to you, they will be sweet."
[ Way of Perf. ch. x. 4. ]
_______________________
[72]
Life, ch. xii. 5.
. . . . . . . . .
Blog addition:
"He who would
pass out of this state, and upraise his spirit, in order to taste consolations denied him, will, in my opinion, lose
both the one and the other...
As the foundation of the whole building is humility, the nearer we draw unto God the more this virtue should grow; if it does not, everything is lost. It seems to be a kind of pride when we seek to ascend higher, seeing that God descends so low, when He allows us, being what we are, to draw near unto Him." [ Life, ch. xii. 5. ]
_______________________
[73]
Way of Perf. ch. xvii. 6;
xxiii. 1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Blog Addition:
From Paragraph #15
"Embrace the cross your Spouse bore
on His shoulders...
'Most happy she who suffers most
if it be for Christ!' "
From: Way of Perf. ch. 17 # 6
"Remember
that there must be someone
to cook the meals and count
yourselves happy
in being able to serve like Martha.
Reflect that true humility
consists to a great extent
in being
- ready for what the Lord desires
to do with you
and
- happy that He should do it,
and
in always considering yourselves unworthy
to be called His servants.
If contemplation and
mental and vocal prayer and
tending the sick and
serving in the house and
working at even the lowliest tasks
are of service to the Guest
who comes
to stay with us and
to eat and take His recreation with us,
what should it matter to us
if we do one of these things
rather than another?"
[ Way of Perf. ch. 17: # 6 ]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"...it is most important that from the first
we should be very resolute,
and for this there are so many reasons ....
One is that
when we decide to give anything
--such as this slight effort of recollection--
to Him
Who has given us so much,
and
Who is continually giving,
it would be wrong for us
- not to be entirely resolute in doing so
and
- to act like a person who
lends something and
expects to get it back again....
[ Way of Perf. ch. 23 #1 ]
_______________________
[74]
St. Matt. xx. 22:
Nescitis quid petatis.'
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Blog Addition:
Mt 20:20 - 20:23
"Then came to Him the mother
of the sons of Zebedee with her sons,
adoring and asking something of him.
Who said to her: What wilt thou?
She saith to Him:
Say that these my two sons may sit,
the one on thy right hand, and
the other on thy left, in thy kingdom.
And Jesus answering, said:
You know not what you ask.
Can you drink the chalice
that I shall drink?
They say to him: We can.
He saith to them:
My chalice indeed you shall drink;
but to sit on my right or left hand
is not mine to give to you,
but to them
for whom it is prepared by my Father.
_______________________
[75]
Way of Perf. ch. xvi. 2.
Foundations. ch. v. 2, 3.
Life, ch. iv. II;
ch xi. 20.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Blog addition:
From Paragraph #15
--the sole aim
of one beginning to practise prayer
should be...
to conform her own will
to the will of God."
"There is no queen who can beat this King
as well as humility can;
for humility brought Him
down from Heaven
into the Virgin's womb
and with humility we can draw Him
into our souls...
I cannot understand
how humility exists...without love,
or love without humility,
and it is impossible for these two virtues
to exist
save where there is great detachment
from all created things.
[ Way of Perf. ch.16: #2 ]
. . . . . . . . .
"...wherein lies the essence
of perfect prayer...
...a grace from our Lord
that a person should be always able
to persevere in meditation on His works,
and it is right to make an effort to do so;
but it must be understood
♦ that not every imagination is
by nature able to do it,
♦ but every soul is able to love Him,
[and
perfection lies in that (loving God)
rather than in thinking ]...
♦ the good of the soul
does not consist
in its thinking much,
♦ but in its loving much.
And if you were to ask
how is this love to be had,
My answer is,
- by a good resolution
to do and suffer for God,
and
- by carrying out that resolution
into action
whenever the opportunity occurs."
[ Foundations. ch. 5: # 2, 3. ]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"When I took the habit,
our Lord at once made me understand
how He helps those
who do violence to themselves
( make sacrifices, do penances)
in order to serve Him...
and God converted the aridity of my soul
into the greatest tenderness...
and it is true that now and then
I used to sweep the house
during those hours of the day
which I had formerly spent
on my amusements and my dress;
and, calling to mind
that I was delivered from such follies,
I was filled with a new joy
that surprised me,
nor could I understand whence it came.
...[ Life: Ch. 4: #2 ]
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
"...the soul, which, begins to walk
in the way of mental prayer
with resolution,
and is determined not to care much,
neither to rejoice
nor to be greatly afflicted,
whether sweetness and tenderness fail it,
or our Lord grants them,
has already travelled
a great part of the road.
[ Life: Ch 11: 20 ]
_______________________
[76]
A drug greatly in vogue until recent times.
It was composed of all the essences
supposed to contain life-giving
and life-preserving qualities
of animals and plants.
_______________________
[77]
St. Luke xxiv. 36.
St. John xx. 19.
_______________________
[78]
Life, ch. xi. and
ch xix. 8.
Way of Perfection, ch. xxiii. 3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Blog Addition:
Life, ch. xi.
From Paragraph #18
St. Teresa wrote regarding
"...how you should behave
when the devil thus disturbs you."
"I suffered so much
because I (blindly) thought
it showed but little humility
if I persevered in prayer
when I was so wicked,
that...I gave it up for a year....
This could not have been...anything else
but to throw myself down into hell;
there was no need of any devils
to drag me thither.
O my God, was there ever blindness
so great as this?
How well Satan prepares his measures
for his purpose,
when he pursues us in this way!
The traitor knows
that he has already lost that soul which
- perseveres in prayer, and
- that every fall
which (satan) can bring about
helps (the soul),
by the goodness of God,
to make greater progress
in (God's) service.
[ Life: ch 19: #8 ]
. . . . . . . . . . . .
"Provided the intention remains firm,
my God is not in the least meticulous;
...if you are trying to please Him
in any way,
He will assuredly accept that as your gift
...let them make some effort,
for this Lord of ours will
reckon everything we do to our credit
and
accept everything we want to give Him.
In drawing up our reckoning,
He is
not in the least exacting,
but generous;
however large the amount
we may owe Him,
it is a small thing for Him to forgive us.
And, as to paying us,
He is so careful about this
that you need have no fear
He will leave us without our reward
if only we
raise our eyes to Heaven
and
remember Him.
[ Way of Perfection, ch. xxiii. 3. ]
_______________________
[79]
Way of Perf. ch. xix. 3.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Blog Addition:
In Paragragh #18, St. Teresa said:
"the habit of recollection
is not to be gained
by force of arms,
but with calmness..."
"Water has three properties
One of them is that of cooling things;
...water tempers the heat, and
it will even put out a large fire,
except when there is tar in the fire,
in which case... it only cause it
to burn the more!
[ Way of Perf. ch. 19. 3.]
_______________________
[80]
Way of Perf. ch. xxiii. 3.
(Blog Note: see footnote # 78 )
_______________________
[81]
Ecclus. iii. 27:
Qui amat periculum, in illo peribit.'
_______________________
[82]
St. John xiv. 6:
Nemo venit ad Patrem, nisi per Me.'
_______________________
[83]
St. John xiv. 9.
Qui videt me, videt et Patrem.'
_______________________
[84]
St. Matt. x. 24:
Nec servus super dominum suum.'
_______________________
[85]
St. Matt. xxvi. 41:
Orate ut non intretis in tentationem.'
. . . . . . . . .
Blog Addition:
"Watch ye: and
pray that ye enter not into temptation.
The spirit indeed is willing,
but the flesh is weak."
|
End of
Mansion 2 Chapter 1
[ Only 1 chapter ]
The Interior Castle
or
The Mansions
of S. Teresa of Jesus
of the Order of our Lady of Carmel
|
